![]() ![]() īased on this mechanistic knowledge, several drugs have been formulated for the treatment of alopecia over the last decade. Accordingly, proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates HG and follicle size. The circulatory support during anagen phase suggests its association with the high metabolic activity of HF matrix cells, and insufficient blood supply can lead to HF diseases. ![]() DM is essential for the maintaining of skin homeostasis and includes different types of vessels, such as arterioles (from 17 to 26 μm in diameter), meta-arterioles (10 to 20 µm), capillaries (8 to 10 µm), and venules. DM has a remarkable capacity for adaptation to its cellular environment and continuous interaction with the systemic circulation. DM is composed of a branching network of microvessels (<100 µm diameter) classified as arterioles, venules, and capillaries. ĭermal microcirculation (DM) is essential for hair maintenance by delivering growth factors, nutrients, cytokines, and other bioactive molecules, as well as by removing waste metabolic products. Furthermore, TGF-2, the Wnt antagonist dickkopf-1, and IL-6 have been identified as androgen-inducible negative regulators for AGA in in vitro experimental models. ![]() As TGF-1 is known to be a catagen inducer in hair cycling, it likely plays a role in the early catagen induction seen in AGA. The synthetic androgen R1881 suppresses keratinocyte growth in the co-culture of AR-overexpressing human FDPC obtained from AGA and normal human keratinocytes through androgen-inducible TGF-1. Īndrogens activity is also explained by in vitro experiments, where androgen stimulation of scalp follicle dermal papilla cells (FDPC) triggers TGF-1 production. The expression of both 5α-R and AR is enhanced in patients with AGA. DHT drastically reduces anagen phase, enhancing apoptosis of hair cells, miniaturizing the HF, and causing HL. DHT binds to the androgenic receptor (AR) to form a hormone–receptor complex. Though other hormones, such as thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids, are involved in the process, androgens act as the master players in human HG.ĪGA is associated with high levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) released from testosterone by the enzymatic activity of 5-alpha reductase (5α-R). Generally, androgens affect several functions of the human skin, including sebaceous gland proliferation and differentiation, hair growth (HG), and wound healing. In AGA, androgens are involved in the reduction of anagen phase, inducing an increment of the number of hair follicles (HF) in the catagen and telogen phases as well as delaying the telogen-to-anagen transition. ![]() There is a need for systematic evaluation of the most commonly used plants to confirm their anti-hair loss power, identify possible mechanisms of action, and recommend their best adoption.Īndrogenic alopecia (AGA) is a common form of hair loss (HL), affecting men and women at different ages. In this review, we pay our attention on the molecular mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of the aforementioned nutritional compounds in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies. , Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Rosmarinum officinalis L., Capsicum annum L.) are discussed, which are believed to reduce the rate of hair loss or stimulate new hair growth. , Malus pumila Mill cultivar Annurca, Coffea arabica, Allium sativum L. The activities of seven common botanicals introduced with diet ( Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.“ (or other six botanicals) terms included in Pubmed and Web of Sciences articles. We started from a query for “alopecia” OR “hair loss” AND “ Panax ginseng C.A. This work aims to provide an insight into the ethnohistorical records of some nutritional compounds containing flavonoids for their potential beneficial features in repairing or recovering from hair follicle disruption. Dermal microcirculation is essential for hair maintenance, and an insufficient blood supply can lead to hair follicles (HF) diseases. Several studies suggest the use of herbal medicine to treat related disorders, including alopecia. Hair loss is a disorder in which the hair falls out from skin areas such as the scalp and the body. ![]()
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